Forms

Forms

Introduction to Django Forms

  • Forms in Django: Django forms are used to handle the input from a user, process it, and then use it for various purposes such as saving data to the database, sending an email, etc.
  • Two Types of Forms:
    • Forms: django.forms.Form is used to create a form from scratch.
    • ModelForms: django.forms.ModelForm is used to create a form directly from a Django model.

Creating a Basic Form

  • Form Class: Define a form by creating a subclass of forms.Form.
  • Form Fields: Add fields using the various field classes (e.g., CharField, EmailField, ChoiceField).
from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
  • Rendering the Form: Forms can be rendered in templates using Django template tags.
<form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Send</button>
</form>

Handling Form Submission

  • Views: Handle form submission in a Django view.
  • Form Validation: When a form is submitted, you can check if it’s valid using form.is_valid().

Example

from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import ContactForm

def contact_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # Process the data in form.cleaned_data
            # For example, send an email or save the data
            return render(request, 'contact_success.html')
    else:
        form = ContactForm()
    return render(request, 'contact_form.html', {'form': form})

Form Fields

Django provides a variety of form fields, each corresponding to a different HTML input element:

  • CharField: <input type="text">
  • EmailField: <input type="email">
  • ChoiceField: <select>
  • BooleanField: <input type="checkbox">
  • DateField: <input type="date">
  • FileField: <input type="file">
  • ImageField: A special subclass of FileField used for uploading images.

Example

class ExampleForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    birth_date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.SelectDateWidget)

Widgets

  • Customizing Widgets: Widgets define how the form field is rendered. Each form field has an associated widget that determines its appearance.
  • Common Widgets:
    • TextInput, Textarea, Select, CheckboxInput, FileInput, etc.
  • Custom Widgets: You can create custom widgets by subclassing forms.Widget.

Example:

class CustomForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'special', 'size': '40'}))
    email = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'you@example.com'}))

Form Validation

  • Field Validation: Basic validation is provided by the field types (e.g., EmailField validates that the input is a valid email address).
  • Custom Validation: Add custom validation by defining a clean_<fieldname>() method in your form class.
  • Form-Level Validation: For validation that involves multiple fields, override the clean() method.

Example

class RegistrationForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    confirm_password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super().clean()
        password = cleaned_data.get('password')
        confirm_password = cleaned_data.get('confirm_password')

        if password != confirm_password:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords do not match")

ModelForms

  • Introduction: A ModelForm is a form that automatically creates fields based on the fields in a Django model. It’s used to create forms that directly interact with the database.
  • Creating a ModelForm:
from django import forms
from .models import Person

class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Person
        fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email']

  • Saving Data: When the form is valid, you can call form.save() to save the data to the database.

  • Customizing ModelForms: You can override or add fields, customize widgets, and add validation.

Formsets

  • Introduction: Formsets are a layer of abstraction to work with multiple forms on the same page. They are often used to manage multiple instances of a model.

  • Creating a Formset:

from django.forms import formset_factory

class SimpleForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField()

SimpleFormSet = formset_factory(SimpleForm, extra=3)
  • ModelFormsets: ModelFormsets work similarly to Formsets but are based on models.
from django.forms import modelformset_factory
from .models import Person

PersonFormSet = modelformset_factory(Person, fields=('first_name', 'last_name', 'email'), extra=2)
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