Transfer Learning

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.optim import lr_scheduler
import torchvision
from torchvision import datasets, models, transforms
from torchvision.transforms import ToPILImage

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import os
import copy
import time

device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

torch.cuda.empty_cache()

mean = np.array([0.485, 0.456, 0.406])
std = np.array([0.229, 0.224, 0.225])

data_transforms = {
    'train': transforms.Compose([
        transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),
        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean, std)
    ]),
    'val': transforms.Compose([
        transforms.Resize(256),
        transforms.CenterCrop(224),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize(mean, std)
    ]),
}

data_dir = 'Data/hymenoptera_data'
image_datasets = {x: datasets.ImageFolder(os.path.join(data_dir, x),
                                          data_transforms[x])
                  for x in ['train', 'val']}
dataloaders = {x: torch.utils.data.DataLoader(image_datasets[x], batch_size=4,
                                             shuffle=True, num_workers=0)
              for x in ['train', 'val']}

dataset_sizes = {x: len(image_datasets[x]) for x in ['train', 'val']}
class_names = image_datasets['train'].classes

device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(class_names)

['ants', 'bees']

def imshow(inp, title):
    """Imshow for Tensor."""
    inp = inp.numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))
    inp = std * inp + mean
    inp = np.clip(inp, 0, 1)
    plt.imshow(inp)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.show()

# Get a batch of training data
inputs, classes = next(iter(dataloaders['train']))

# Make a grid from batch
out = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)

imshow(out, title=[class_names[x] for x in classes])

def train_model(model, criterion, optimizer, scheduler, num_epochs=25):
    since = time.time()

    best_model_wts = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict())
    best_acc = 0.0

    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        print('Epoch {}/{}'.format(epoch, num_epochs - 1))
        print('-' * 10)

        # Each epoch has a training and validation phase
        for phase in ['train', 'val']:
            if phase == 'train':
                model.train()  # Set model to training mode
            else:
                model.eval()   # Set model to evaluate mode

            running_loss = 0.0
            running_corrects = 0

            # Iterate over data.
            for inputs, labels in dataloaders[phase]:
                inputs = inputs.to(device)
                labels = labels.to(device)

                # forward
                # track history if only in train
                with torch.set_grad_enabled(phase == 'train'):
                    outputs = model(inputs)
                    _, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
                    loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

                    # backward + optimize only if in training phase
                    if phase == 'train':
                        optimizer.zero_grad()
                        loss.backward()
                        optimizer.step()

                # statistics
                running_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
                running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)

            if phase == 'train':
                scheduler.step()

            epoch_loss = running_loss / dataset_sizes[phase]
            epoch_acc = running_corrects.double() / dataset_sizes[phase]

            print('{} Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format(
                phase, epoch_loss, epoch_acc))

            # deep copy the model
            if phase == 'val' and epoch_acc > best_acc:
                best_acc = epoch_acc
                best_model_wts = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict())

        print()

    time_elapsed = time.time() - since
    print('Training complete in {:.0f}m {:.0f}s'.format(
        time_elapsed // 60, time_elapsed % 60))
    print('Best val Acc: {:4f}'.format(best_acc))

    # load best model weights
    model.load_state_dict(best_model_wts)
    return model

import timm

print(timm.list_models('resnet*')[:10])

['resnet10t', 'resnet14t', 'resnet18', 'resnet18d', 'resnet26', 'resnet26d', 'resnet26t', 'resnet32ts', 'resnet33ts', 'resnet34']

# Load ResNet-18 model
model = timm.create_model('resnet18', pretrained=True)
model

ResNet(
  (conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
  (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
  (maxpool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  (layer1): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
  )
  (layer2): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
  )
  (layer3): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
  )
  (layer4): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (drop_block): Identity()
      (act1): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (aa): Identity()
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act2): ReLU(inplace=True)
    )
  )
  (global_pool): SelectAdaptivePool2d(pool_type=avg, flatten=Flatten(start_dim=1, end_dim=-1))
  (fc): Linear(in_features=512, out_features=1000, bias=True)
)

#### Finetuning the convnet ####
# Load a pretrained model and reset final fully connected layer.

model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
model

/home/ben/mambaforge/envs/pfast/lib/python3.12/site-packages/torchvision/models/_utils.py:208: UserWarning: The parameter 'pretrained' is deprecated since 0.13 and may be removed in the future, please use 'weights' instead.
  warnings.warn(
/home/ben/mambaforge/envs/pfast/lib/python3.12/site-packages/torchvision/models/_utils.py:223: UserWarning: Arguments other than a weight enum or `None` for 'weights' are deprecated since 0.13 and may be removed in the future. The current behavior is equivalent to passing `weights=ResNet18_Weights.IMAGENET1K_V1`. You can also use `weights=ResNet18_Weights.DEFAULT` to get the most up-to-date weights.
  warnings.warn(msg)

ResNet(
  (conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
  (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
  (maxpool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  (layer1): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer2): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer3): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer4): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (avgpool): AdaptiveAvgPool2d(output_size=(1, 1))
  (fc): Linear(in_features=512, out_features=1000, bias=True)
)

num_ftrs = model.fc.in_features
num_ftrs

# Here the size of each output sample is set to 2.
# Alternatively, it can be generalized to nn.Linear(num_ftrs, len(class_names)).
model.fc = nn.Linear(model.fc.in_features, 2)
model

ResNet(
  (conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
  (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
  (maxpool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  (layer1): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer2): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer3): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (layer4): Sequential(
    (0): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (downsample): Sequential(
        (0): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(2, 2), bias=False)
        (1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      )
    )
    (1): BasicBlock(
      (conv1): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv2): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn2): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    )
  )
  (avgpool): AdaptiveAvgPool2d(output_size=(1, 1))
  (fc): Linear(in_features=512, out_features=2, bias=True)
)

model = model.to(device)

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# Observe that all parameters are being optimized
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# StepLR Decays the learning rate of each parameter group by gamma every step_size epochs
# Decay LR by a factor of 0.1 every 7 epochs
# Learning rate scheduling should be applied after optimizer’s update
# e.g., you should write your code this way:
# for epoch in range(100):
#     train(...)
#     validate(...)
#     scheduler.step()

step_lr_scheduler = lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=7, gamma=0.1)

model = train_model(model, criterion, optimizer, step_lr_scheduler, num_epochs=25)

Epoch 0/24
----------
train Loss: 1.3138 Acc: 0.6270
val Loss: 2.4487 Acc: 0.4837

Epoch 1/24
----------
train Loss: 1.1552 Acc: 0.6721
val Loss: 2.3901 Acc: 0.5033

Epoch 2/24
----------
train Loss: 0.9656 Acc: 0.7254
val Loss: 2.0542 Acc: 0.5229

Epoch 3/24
----------
train Loss: 1.0340 Acc: 0.6762
val Loss: 1.8399 Acc: 0.5425

Epoch 4/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8638 Acc: 0.7049
val Loss: 1.8519 Acc: 0.5686

Epoch 5/24
----------
train Loss: 0.9689 Acc: 0.6598
val Loss: 1.9669 Acc: 0.5817

Epoch 6/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8450 Acc: 0.7008
val Loss: 1.7546 Acc: 0.6209

Epoch 7/24
----------
train Loss: 0.9041 Acc: 0.6598
val Loss: 1.6658 Acc: 0.5948

Epoch 8/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8533 Acc: 0.6926
val Loss: 1.6936 Acc: 0.6209

Epoch 9/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8974 Acc: 0.6393
val Loss: 1.5477 Acc: 0.6013

Epoch 10/24
----------
train Loss: 0.9109 Acc: 0.6516
val Loss: 1.7137 Acc: 0.6078

Epoch 11/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8369 Acc: 0.6475
val Loss: 1.7870 Acc: 0.6078

Epoch 12/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8221 Acc: 0.6844
val Loss: 1.6008 Acc: 0.6078

Epoch 13/24
----------
train Loss: 0.7777 Acc: 0.6926
val Loss: 1.4073 Acc: 0.6340

Epoch 14/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8776 Acc: 0.6352
val Loss: 1.6360 Acc: 0.5948

Epoch 15/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8583 Acc: 0.6639
val Loss: 1.5304 Acc: 0.6405

Epoch 16/24
----------
train Loss: 0.7772 Acc: 0.6926
val Loss: 1.6465 Acc: 0.6275

Epoch 17/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8548 Acc: 0.6762
val Loss: 1.7349 Acc: 0.6340

Epoch 18/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8174 Acc: 0.7008
val Loss: 1.6733 Acc: 0.6209

Epoch 19/24
----------
train Loss: 0.7678 Acc: 0.7172
val Loss: 1.5187 Acc: 0.6209

Epoch 20/24
----------
train Loss: 0.7592 Acc: 0.7295
val Loss: 1.6524 Acc: 0.6209

Epoch 21/24
----------
train Loss: 0.7918 Acc: 0.6926
val Loss: 1.6008 Acc: 0.6013

Epoch 22/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8519 Acc: 0.6721
val Loss: 1.6299 Acc: 0.6013

Epoch 23/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8987 Acc: 0.6680
val Loss: 1.7279 Acc: 0.6013

Epoch 24/24
----------
train Loss: 0.8057 Acc: 0.6680
val Loss: 1.6766 Acc: 0.6536

Training complete in 1m 22s
Best val Acc: 0.653595

#### ConvNet as fixed feature extractor ####
# Here, we need to freeze all the network except the final layer.
# We need to set requires_grad == False to freeze the parameters so that the gradients are not computed in backward()
model_conv = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
for param in model_conv.parameters():
    param.requires_grad = False

# Parameters of newly constructed modules have requires_grad=True by default
num_ftrs = model_conv.fc.in_features
model_conv.fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, 2)

model_conv = model_conv.to(device)

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# Observe that only parameters of final layer are being optimized as
# opposed to before.
optimizer_conv = optim.SGD(model_conv.fc.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)

# Decay LR by a factor of 0.1 every 7 epochs
exp_lr_scheduler = lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer_conv, step_size=7, gamma=0.1)

model_conv = train_model(model_conv, criterion, optimizer_conv,
                         exp_lr_scheduler, num_epochs=25)

Epoch 0/24
----------
train Loss: 0.6815 Acc: 0.6393
val Loss: 0.2546 Acc: 0.8889

Epoch 1/24
----------
train Loss: 0.5108 Acc: 0.7541
val Loss: 0.1813 Acc: 0.9477

Epoch 2/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4495 Acc: 0.8156
val Loss: 0.4027 Acc: 0.8235

Epoch 3/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4571 Acc: 0.7951
val Loss: 0.2098 Acc: 0.9085

Epoch 4/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4004 Acc: 0.8320
val Loss: 0.2219 Acc: 0.9085

Epoch 5/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4751 Acc: 0.8115
val Loss: 0.1881 Acc: 0.9477

Epoch 6/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4426 Acc: 0.8279
val Loss: 0.2063 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 7/24
----------
train Loss: 0.4091 Acc: 0.8238
val Loss: 0.2144 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 8/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3693 Acc: 0.8320
val Loss: 0.1896 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 9/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3681 Acc: 0.8279
val Loss: 0.1911 Acc: 0.9281

Epoch 10/24
----------
train Loss: 0.2974 Acc: 0.8689
val Loss: 0.1962 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 11/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3128 Acc: 0.8525
val Loss: 0.1886 Acc: 0.9346

Epoch 12/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3634 Acc: 0.8361
val Loss: 0.1868 Acc: 0.9412

Epoch 13/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3299 Acc: 0.8484
val Loss: 0.1979 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 14/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3036 Acc: 0.8893
val Loss: 0.2028 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 15/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3533 Acc: 0.8361
val Loss: 0.1694 Acc: 0.9477

Epoch 16/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3248 Acc: 0.8525
val Loss: 0.1838 Acc: 0.9281

Epoch 17/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3293 Acc: 0.8648
val Loss: 0.1941 Acc: 0.9216

Epoch 18/24
----------
train Loss: 0.2718 Acc: 0.8484
val Loss: 0.1880 Acc: 0.9346

Epoch 19/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3811 Acc: 0.8074
val Loss: 0.2232 Acc: 0.9150

Epoch 20/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3523 Acc: 0.8402
val Loss: 0.1787 Acc: 0.9346

Epoch 21/24
----------
train Loss: 0.2430 Acc: 0.8893
val Loss: 0.2104 Acc: 0.9281

Epoch 22/24
----------
train Loss: 0.2858 Acc: 0.8730
val Loss: 0.1836 Acc: 0.9346

Epoch 23/24
----------
train Loss: 0.3786 Acc: 0.8443
val Loss: 0.1786 Acc: 0.9412

Epoch 24/24
----------
train Loss: 0.2935 Acc: 0.8770
val Loss: 0.1835 Acc: 0.9346

Training complete in 1m 5s
Best val Acc: 0.947712